Created using powtoon free sign up at youtube create animated videos and animated presentations for free. A case study in lao pdr article pdf available in procedia social and behavioral sciences 88. Language teaching methodology and second language acquisition. Language is not learned by repeating after a model. The silent way found its way into classrooms following the publication of gattegnos text, also called. The silent way introduction the silent way is a language teaching method created by caleb gattegno it is one of the innovative methods that emerged and shares some principles from the cognitive approach to language studies proposed by noam chomsky. The silent way is the name of a method of language teaching devised by caleb gattegno. Examples of interactive methods include the direct method, the series method, communicative lan guage teaching, language immersion, the silent way, suggestopedia, the natural approach, total physical response, teaching pro. Jan 01, 2015 buy teaching aptitude kvs nvs ugc net teaching methodology book for kvs nvs and ugc net book online at best prices in india on. A historical overview key issues historical overview of methods and approaches to teaching english as a foreignsecond language the grammartranslation method the direct method the audiolingual method suggestopedia the silent way total physical response the natural approach the communicative approach. Teaching techniques the natural approach in the classroom the natural approach is designed to develop basic communication skills. The silent wayadvanced methodology for tesol 2instructor. Approaches and methods in language teaching by jack c. See blairs discussion of the silent way in the following chapter.
Apr 18, 2020 the teacher also learns new things every day which heshe didnt know in the process of teaching. This blog post is available as a convenient and portable pdf that you. Methodologies for active learning in the classroom learning logsreflective journals learning journals, logs and reflective diaries are terms often used interchangeably. Unesco eolss sample chapters linguistics language teaching methodology and second language acquisition j. Please practice handwashing and social distancing, and.
The silent way is a language teaching methodology which was devised by caleb gattegno in the 1960s. This paper first of all compares the teaching method the silent way to the approach cooperative language learning, both mentioned in the book approaches and methods in language teaching, written by jack c. Stevick, has described the role of the teacher in silent way as teach, test, get out of the way. Methodology tasks language awareness grammar tasks phonetics and phonology english as a lingua franca contact sue if you are having problems. It reflects the heightened awareness that the l2 profession witnessed. Gattegno was skeptical of the mainstream language education of the time, and. Gattegno introduced the method in 1963, in his book teaching foreign. The silent way student is expected to become independent, autonomous and responsible gattegno 1976 in other words, a good problem solver in language. The silent way is a language teaching method created by caleb gattegno that makes extensive use of silence as a teaching method. The silent way versus cooperative language learning an argumentative comparison of two teaching methods. Because silent way teachers speak so little, they are free to observe their students carefully and be available to them. Gattegno was critical of mainstream language education at the time. Second language teaching and the community beyond methodology. In the 1960s, caleb gattegno introduced the silent way method of language learning.
Gattegnos name is well known for his revival of interest in the use of coloured wooden sticks called cuisenaire rods and for his series words in colour, an approach to the teaching of initial reading in which sounds are coded by specific colours. It is based on the premise that the teacher should be silent as much. The three basic tenets of the approach are that learning is facilitated if the learner discovers rather than remembers or repeats, that learning is aided by physical objects, and that problemsolving is central to learning. The learner works in isolation the learner works in isolation and communication is lacking badly in a silent way classroom. It is not usually considered a mainstream method language education. Please practice handwashing and social distancing, and check out our resources for adapting to these times. The silent way is a methodology of teaching language based on the idea that teachers should be as silent as possible during a class but learners should be encouraged to speak as much as possible. Teaching falls into three phases, each requiring appropriate methods.
The silent way belongs to the tradition of teaching that favors hypothetical mode of teaching as opposed to expository mode of teaching in which the teacher and the learner work cooperatively to reach the educational desired goals. The purpose of this book is to take a new look at an old question. The teacher shows the learners a small red cuisenaire rod and a bigger blue one and says the blue one is bigger than the red one. How is this applicable to the principles of silent way. The silent way is based on the theory that individuals should be at the center of their own learning, and that the teacher should largely be silent and subtly provide feedback while the students explore their own abilities. The silent way is a languageteaching method created by caleb gattegno that makes extensive use of silence as a teaching method. Linguistics language teaching methodology and second language acquisition j. The silent way is a language teaching method created by caleb gattegno that makes extensive use of silence as a teaching technique. The silent way methods in teaching and learning language. Advantages and disadvantages of silent way term paper. It is the students who should be practicing the language, not the. Gattegno was critical of mainstream language education at. You can only help him to discover it within himself galileo.
The fl was hardly ever used in class and no language communication skills were developed. In any classroom, a teacher requires to speak for most of the time, making silent method of teaching. Sep 25, 2012 introductionthe silent way sw, a method oflanguage teaching, originatedin the early 1970s andintroduced by caleb gattegno,who, an europe educator, iswell known for the use ofcolored sticks called cuisenairerods and for his approach tothe teaching of initial reading inwhich sounds are taught bycolors. Pdf approaches and methods in language teaching download. It is based on the premise that the teacher should be silent as much as possible in the classroom but the learner should be encouraged to produce as much language as possible. Teaching methods, approaches and strategies found in efl classrooms. The silent way is the name of a method of language teaching devised by. Materials recommended text books including web based materials. The focus of this book is on classroom practice, openended enough to allow for interaction and discussions. This list is generated based on data provided by crossref. Buy teaching aptitude kvs nvs ugc net teaching methodology.
This is a textbook on english language teaching methodology which was a taskbased, communicative approach to deal with concepts and theories. The teacher becomes a resource rather than an authority. The silent way versus cooperative language learning. It is not usually considered a mainstream method in language education. The silent way is a languageteaching method created by caleb gattegno that makes extensive use of silence as a teaching technique.
Teaching methodology different types of teaching methods. Methodology the traditional or innovative methods of teaching are critically examined, evaluated and some modifications in the delivery of knowledge is suggested. Language must not be considered a product of habit formation, but rule formation. Caleb gattegno of alexandria, egypt, repeatedly insisted that the silent way is not a method at all. Dos and donts of language teaching pdf file ten tips for teaching in navajo immersion programs pdf file second language teaching methods jill kerpa mora methods in general.
Pdf teaching foreign languages the silent way john. What this book is about this book is about language teaching in a postmethod era. The method also makes use of color association to help teach pronunciation. Pdf teaching methods, approaches and strategies found in. Approaches and methods in language teaching seeks to. The silent way chapter 6 approaches and methods in language. Gattegno, in fact, dedicated his life to a much broader field which he called the. Benjamin franklins famous quote about teaching and learning can be said to lie at the heart of silent way. Gattegno introduced the method in 1963, in his book teaching foreign languages in schools. If you want to become an expert, we recommend starting with gattegnos original book, teaching foreign languages in schools the silent way which is available for free online and then working your way up from there. How to use this book how to use this book 7 dd 7 10311 17. It allows students to discover that reading is a personal interaction with the text, and an experience. There is a wealth of literature on the techniques and methods of the silent way. According to sidhakara, the silent way is based on a theory of learning and teaching rather than on a theory of language paragraph 1.
Gattegno takes an openly sceptical view of the role of linguistic theory in language teaching methodology. John pint if the silent way is a method for teaching foreign languages, it is a most unusual one, for its inventor, dr. Teaching pronunciation without using imitation pdf. The silent way method takes a processoriented appr oach to evaluation, rather than focusing on the end product. The method is based on student discovery with the instructor staying mainly silent. Gattegno was skeptical of the mainstream language education of the time, and conceived of. Pdf lesson plans, teacher articles and a directory of teaching and reference resources. Teaching foreign languages in schools the silent way issuu. The teacher should use a good method and techniques to increase students. Students may be confused with the symbols of the colored wooden rods. The learner is not a bench bound listener but an active contributor to the learning process. Language teaching methods teachers handbook for the video series by diane larsenfreeman office of english language programs materials branch united states department of state washington, d. Language teaching methods explores various methodologies of english language teaching.
Pdf in this chapter, we discussed the theoretical principles behind. Innovative methods of teaching university of arizona. Because the teacher does not sup ply a model, the students learn to give their full attention to the teacher s cues. Some techniques are widely used and found in many methods e. The silent way approach to language learning denver spanish. As teachers were dealing with people whats really important is to put the rule book aside, be receptive to what our students need and adjust our lessons accordingly. Beyond methodology second language teaching and the community beyond methodology. Language teaching methods teachers handbook american english. Methods in this category include those from the 1970s such as the silent way, counselinglearning, suggestopedia, and total physical response, as well as more recent alternative methods and approaches such as multiple intelligences, neurolinguistic programming, and the lexical approach. Teaching techniques the natural approach in the classroom stage 2 early speech in nonthreatening environments, students move voluntarily into stage 2. Articles about learning, using and teaching the english language, including advice, tutorials, opinions and lesson plans from various authors and contributors.
Effective methods of teaching english as a second language. It was based upon ideas outlined in his book teaching foreign languages in schools the silent way, published in 1963. This was a joint project by diane larsenfreeman and the u. The teacher can use rods to represent each word in a. Pdf teaching english language methods and approaches. This book has been cited by the following publications. Silent method of teaching is complex and it requires teachers to have extensive training in the use of this methodology. Stage 2 begins when students begin using english words to give. Gattegno states that a foreign language can only be learnt in schools by artificial methods, employing materials constructed for the purpose gattegno 1972. In this book, gattegno introduces the silent way as a solution to the challenges of teaching and learning foreign languages. The last line of benjamin franklins famous quote about teaching and learning can be said to lie at the heart of silent way. As such, the strengths and weaknesses of each teaching methodology are identified and probable modifications that can be included in traditional methods are suggested.
Medved krajnovic encyclopedia of life support systems eolss the second part of the article is devoted to second language acquisition sla. Examples of learnercentred methods are discussion method, discovery or inquirybased approach and the hills model of learning through discussion ltd. The learner needs to discover or create learning is made easier by the use of physical objects such as. The aim of this chapter is to help secondary teachers to study the different trends and to draw valid conclusions about an effective fl teaching methodology. States with the largest english language learning populations national clearing house for english language acquisition 2010 migration policy institute. This minimalist role of the teacher has led some critics to describe silent way teachers as aloof and, indeed, this apparently excessive degree of selfrestraint can be seen as such. Background the silent way, developed in the 1960s by caleb gattegno, is grounded in the belief that students should learn independently of. It is the students who should be practicing the language, not the teacher. The oral approach and situational language teaching. Techniques for accelerated learning, community building, and language revitalization brief tips for language teaching from the navajo nation language project reprinted in nurturing native languages dos and donts of language teaching pdf file. Ss are unable to transfer habits formed in the classroom to communicate outside of it. Silent, individual extensive reading contrasts with the way classroom texts are used as vehicles for teaching language or reading strategies or in traditional approaches translated or read aloud. Language teaching methods teachers handbook for the video series by diane larsenfreeman office of english language programs materials branch united states department of.
Remember that there are no hard and fast rules in teaching. Like most cultural events of the 60s and 70s, it was a reaction to previous approaches and methods that were considered excessively rigid and constricting. The teacher was silent in that he did not model the language, but rather, directed the students in using it. Pages in category language teaching methodology the following 32 pages are in this category, out of 32 total. Feb 05, 2017 created using powtoon free sign up at youtube create animated videos and animated presentations for free. It was first introduced in gattegnos book teaching foreign languages in schools. The silent way is often criticized of being a harsh method. The usual way to do this is to discuss some research results first, outline a possible theory, and then list some implications.
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